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March 16, 2022
The basic principle of operation of primary radar is simple to understand. However, the theory can be quite complex. An understanding of the theory is essential in order to be able to specify and operate primary radar systems correctly. The implementation and operation of primary radars systems involve a wide range of disciplines such as building works, heavy mechanical and electrical engineering, high power microwave engineering, and advanced high-speed signal and data processing techniques. Some laws of nature have greater importance here.
Radar measurement of range, or distance, is made possible because of the properties of radiated electromagnetic energy.
These principles can basically be implemented in radar system, and allow the determination of the distance, the direction and the height of the reflecting object.
(The effects atmosphere and weather have on the transmitted energy will be discussed later; however, for this discussion on determining range and direction, these effects will be temporarily ignored.)
Radar has many advantages compared to an attempt of visual observation: